Boko haram islamists, which has run riot for almost a decade in the northeast stronghold have displaced more than 3 million persons across the nigeria and have rendered about threehundred. Nigeria abstract the nigerian state appears to have gone through several stages in its history and development as a nation. The end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko haram. Nigerian citizens perspectives of what motivates people to join boko haram. For any nation to attain development in all aspects of its life there is need for it to have cohesion, which is a state of unity and orderliness. There is no military solution to this insurgency, and the authorities should instead put the emphasis on demobilising militants, solving local conflicts, reinvigorating the economy and restoring public services. The absence of cohesion especially in the face of insurgency and insecurity spells doom. The last decade in nigeria has experienced an increase in violent conflicts and criminality, which tended to undermine those expectations. This article places both rebellions in comparative perspective. Pdf boko haram insurgency has constituted a nagging predicament to the. Theorizing the expansion of the boko haram insurgency in nigeria. For some youths in nigerias impoverished northeast, joining boko haram can appear to be a way out of poverty. Nigeria also has a diverse array of culture, language, ethnicity and religion which is the true beauty of the country. The paper recommends, amongst others, that the morale of the military should be kept high, all citizens should be security conscious at all times, while more budgetary allocations be given to the military to enable it fight the insurgency.
The boko haram islamic fundamentalist sect which has been declared as an international terrorist organization and described as having links with another terrorist group, the al queda by the united states of america was born following the 2011 general elections in nigeria. The part reveals the extent of the damage caused and the consequences in terms of the. This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system.
Boko haram insurgency and national security in nigeria. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. Likewise, deaths from boko harams attacks represented nearly 70 percent of all fatalities from terrorist attacks in nigeria. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern nigeria can be divided into two phase. Elite politics and boko haram insurgency in nigeria 175 conceptualised within the framework of human security.
The study is an overview of the challenges of insurgency in bauchi state with specific reference to bauchi local government area from 20112015. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization. On 20 october 2012, it was reported that the joint task force jtf, combining. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. For example, does boko haram want a theocracy for nigeria. Federal university lafia, nigeria abstract this paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in nigeria from the standpoint of boko haram insurgency. The niger delta militancy and boko haram insurgency pose the greatest security threat to nigeria since the end of the civil war in 1970. The islamic state in west africa or the islamic states west africa province formerly known as.
The boko haram has come to violently coexist with the people as a consequence of the. Boko haram insurgency almost overpresident buhari president muhammadu buhari has declared that the boko haram insurgency is nearing its end. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic development in nigeria joseph okwesili nkwede a, emmanuel ogbonna abah b, oliver uchenna nwankwo c a,c department of political science, faculty of social sciences and humanities, ebonyi. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught up in the insurgency cameroon, chad, niger and nigeria crisis group is well placed to analyse boko harams activities and impact. Despite its economic and resource potential, nigeria, the most populous country in the african region, remains a poor country with a rising poverty rate, now projected at 60. During training with aqmi, boko haram members also mastered nigeria. Boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women. The name boko haram is a hausa name which only the hausa peoples understood and is a compound name comprised of hausa and arabic. Feb, 2018 boko haram insurgency almost overpresident buhari president muhammadu buhari has declared that the boko haram insurgency is nearing its end. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. The boko haram insurgency first appeared in maiduguri in borno state, northeast nigeria around 2002. The effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic development in nigeria and its.
The fourth part looked into the humanitarian crisis that was created in the north east region of nigeria as a result of the violence by the boko haram group. Since the current insurgency started in 2009, boko haram has killed tens of. Women and the boko haram insurgency crisis group africa report n242, 5 december 2016 page ii in government camps where food is scarce and healthcare dismal. According to a september 20 house of representatives homeland security committee report, the aqim boko haram collaboration is a mature relationship that allows boko haram an avenue to advance its capability, and. The groups objective was to establish an islamic state and institutionalize sharia law in nigeria, particularly the northeast region. Overview of the boko haram sect viewed critically, boko haram is a radical, revolutionary islamic movement that is questioning orthodox political and economic traditions in nigeria, but which is most pronounced in the north east part of nigeria.
These set of militant during the cause of prosecuting their objective have destroyed properties worth billions of naira. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. Aug 16, 2015 fraught with logistic and security concerns journalists have struggled to report on boko haram s insurgency in northern nigeria. In fact, in its common meaning, they are terrorists. Emergence of boko haram, causes, impacts of boko haram 1. This study adopts poverty theory to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. Premium times, borno still has 32 idp camps despite. The scope and caliber of the insurgency operations in recent weeks lead us to assess that the main boko haram force was not represented in the negotiations with the nigerian government. Most of the boko haram members are usually poor uneducated individuals who have been brainwashed. Civilianled governance and security in nigeria after boko haram. The hausa applied the term boko to western forms of education so when the term haram is appended to it the intent is.
In 2019, the conflict in northeastern nigeria entered its eleventh year. Overall, therefore, womens reasons for joining the insurgency and their experience within it are varied and complex. This view supported the work of wicker 1975, who observed that injustice, inequality and dehumanisation bred the crisis of yusuffiya boko haram insurgency which nigeria is facing today. A heavyhanded or solely military response will not bring peace and may be counterproductive. Separated from husbands and sons conscripted or killed by boko haram or arrested by security forces, many women are now fully. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of. One can guess that the nigerian army is numerically better than boko haram, but as we have witnessed since 2009, the battle is still on and the number of internally displaced people is increasing. Introduction boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. In 2019, president of nigeria, muhammadu buhari claimed that boko haram is. An overview of the challenges of insurgency in nigeria. In recommendation, government supposed to formulate a policy towards the solution. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 7 leadership have recently surfaced.
Conflict, peace building and post conflict economic recovery yusuf ibrahim gamawa department of political science, bauchi state university, gadau. Mother and child in an internally displaced peoples camp yola, adamawa state. Hence this paper attempts to state the need why nigeria, in the present state of the nations insecurity occasioned by the boko haram terrorist group. The nigerian situation is a sterling example where a certain group called boko haram, has unleashed mayhem that have shocked the very.
Apparently, the increasing spread of nefarious activities of boko haram sect in nigeria and the destruction of lives and property is a growing concern that could not be wished away with a wave of hand alao. Nigeria has a great abundance of natural resources such as crude oil, lime stone, zinc, copper and a host of others. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic. Boko haram, cohesion, insurgency, nigeria, yusuf mohammed. Aug 01, 2015 one can guess that the nigerian army is numerically better than boko haram, but as we have witnessed since 2009, the battle is still on and the number of internally displaced people is increasing. In late 2018 crisis groups senior analyst for gender azadeh moaveni went to northeast nigeria, which has been the epicenter of the fight between boko haram and the nigerian military, to explore how effectively women formerly associated with the group have been rehabilitated and reintegrated back into society.
How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers july 2, 2017 idris ibrahim file photo. Others see the boko haram as freedom fighters from the perspective of their frequent prison breaks and freeing of inmates. Since 2009 the violence the group has unleashed on the nigerian state is unprecedented in the history of insurgency in the country. Boko haram is an indigenous northern nigerian islamist militant group. Pdf prolongation of boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Nov 11, 2014 boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in. However, of most alarming negative impact is the upsurge of violence targeted at the education system presently. Nigerian state, national security, insurgency, boko haram. In 20, the nigerian military intensified its campaign against boko haram. The boko haram insurgency in particular cuts across the borders of nigeria to niger. According to liolio 20, the successful recruitment of the people into the group.
Pdf the niger delta militancy and boko haram insurgency pose the greatest security threat to nigeria since the end of the civil war in 1970. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and political alienation article pdf available january 2012 with 9,023 reads how we measure reads. Olaniyan abstract myriad of problems have bedeviled the nigerian education system in the past. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers.
Jihad, commonly referred to as boko haram,1 has emerged as a violent challenger to the authority of the nigerian state. Explaining boko haram, nigerias islamist insurgency the. Second, in the current insurgency that is associated with boko haram and ansaru in the northern states, one of the problems in designing a response and negotiation strategy for conflict resolution is the lack of a clear statement of the objectives of the group. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study administered 150 questionnaires out of which 120 were dully completed and returned. Boko haram insurgency almost overpresident buhari sahara. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. The experiences of women and girls in the north east are analyzed in this report, in order to inform interventions to better alleviate their suffering, facilitate their contribution to lasting peace and mitigate the threat from female boko haram members. Besides government planning and expenditure, the activities of the boko haram insurgency remain one of the most significant. The history of boko haram boko harams origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago.
Jideofor adibe argues that the continued resilience of boko haram under nigerias buhari government calls for a second look and reevaluation of. It thus seems likely that boko harams extremism stems from a variety of factors rather than simply being rooted in social and economic deprivation. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options 1 introduction the islamist group jamaatu ahl as. The media and boko haram insurgency in nigeria a content. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in.
What remains unclear is if the selfproclaimed boko haram negotiators represent the main bulk of the militant force or a fragmented faction. Onuoha \ a danger not to nigeria alone boko harams transnational reach and regional responses. The return to democracy in nigeria in may, 1999 brought hopes of development and political stability to nigeria. In nigeria, boko haram wa s responsible for more than 80 percent of all terrorist attacks between 1970 and 201 3 for which a perpetrator group was identified, despite their relatively recent onset of violence in 2009. If poverty were the ultimate cause of extremist violence in northern nigeria, we would expect such a movement to develop not in borno but rather further to the west. In 2002, an offshoot of this youth group not yet known as boko haram declared the city and the islamic establishment to be intolerably corrupt and irredeemable. The struggle against boko haram in southeastern niger is increasingly sharpening local conflicts over access to resources. Insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. Boko haram activities in the northeast of nigeria have created a. Isaiah kunock afu, boko haram insurgency, youth mobility and better life. D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p.
Haram crisis and why individuals participate in it. It isnt even difficult for them to be brainwashed owing to the high poverty rate in nigeria and when you think of it, how many well to do educated people will pick up bombs and destroy everything around them. Poverty index of there was emphasized to buttress such arguments that poverty is the driver of the emergence of boko haram sect. Pdf boko haram insurgency, internally displaced persons. Pdf boko haram insurgency, internally displaced persons and. Frequently asked questions congressional research service 1 overview boko haram, a violent islamist insurgent group originally based in northeast nigeria, continues to wage a deadly campaign in nigeria and neighboring countries in the lake chad basin region. Fraught with logistic and security concerns journalists have struggled to report on boko harams insurgency in northern nigeria. The boko haram fundamentalist islamic group is the first insurgent organization in nigeria to be classified as a terrorist organization by the united states of america and its allies. The concept and nature of insurgency always invoke the spirit of terror, evil, and rebellion against a constituted authority by those who want to undermine the efforts of an incumbent regime. Introduction nigeria is a rich country in both human and natural resources and it has the vision of. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. Boko harams fouryear old insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, cost.
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